Supporting material
These documents provide progressively more detail about the M-Tokens proposal, the proposed system architecture and the research case for testing Tradable Fuel Permits for light-fleet mobility.
How does a carbon price translate into the price of petrol?
A short note showing why a €100/t CO₂-e increase adds only about €0.24/L to the price of petrol, and why even very high upstream carbon prices translate into relatively modest changes at the pump.
M-Tokens One Page Explainer
A concise introduction to the M-Token proposal and how the mechanism would work.
Read the one-page explainer →Conference Extended Abstract
The extended abstract prepared for the Third International Conference on Clean Mobility and Energy.
Read the extended abstract →System Specification v1.1
The detailed specification of the proposed M-Token system, including allocation, trading, market operation and system administration.
Read the system specification →Underlying Project Report
The report that initiated the M-Tokens project and examined how a downstream quantity constraint could reduce emissions from the light vehicle fleet in New Zealand.
Read the project report →CME 2026 Poster
The conference poster presenting the case for revisiting Tradable Fuel Permits as a testable clean-mobility instrument.
View the conference poster →